移植
心脏健康
骨骼健康
癌症护理
Dr Razmi Bin Rahmat
矫形和骨外科医生
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如何判断背部疼痛是否属于急症
上次更新时间： 2024年1月30日 | 4 分钟阅读时间
背痛虽然常见，但因人而异，原因和严重程度也不尽相同。以下是如何判断何时需要就医的方法。
很多人都有腰痛的经历。根据世界卫生组织的资料，下背痛是全球最常见的肌肉骨骼疾病之一，影响着各个年龄段的人，而且随着年龄的增长越来越常见。
背负重物或姿势不良等日常活动会导致肌肉劳损或椎间盘损伤。背痛的原因可能千差万别，在大多数情况下不需要医疗护理。
不过，作为一般指导原则，如果在休息和服用非处方药（OTC）后背痛仍然持续，建议去看医生。在特殊情况下，可能需要立即就医。百汇东岸医院骨科外科医生 Razmi Bin Rahmat 医生就如何识别背痛是否需要及时就医提供了宝贵的见解。
背痛的类型和原因
一般来说，疼痛可分为急性和慢性两种。急性疼痛通常是突然出现的，往往是受伤的后果。如果愈合良好，疼痛就会减轻。但是，如果损伤没有充分愈合，则可能导致慢性疼痛，持续时间较长，并可能随着时间的推移而恶化。
慢性疼痛可能源于抬举和扭转等重复性动作，尤其是在搬运重物时，导致肌肉、肌腱或韧带拉伤。关节炎等炎症或退行性疾病也会导致持续性背痛。
据统计，18 岁以下的儿童和 50 岁以上的人更容易出现背痛，而老年人更容易患有骨关节炎或骨质疏松症等潜在疾病，这增加了背痛急症的风险。
虽然背痛一般不属于急症，但了解如何识别潜在的急症仍然很重要。
红色警报和警告信号
如果出现以下情况，应立即就医：
- 您发生了意外
- 背部突然感到刺痛
- 背部疼痛蔓延到腹股沟、骨盆或腿部
如果发生严重事故，最好呼叫救护车。除非患者有进一步受伤的危险，否则应避免移动患者。
如果背痛伴有以下症状，也应立即就医，这些症状可能预示着医疗紧急情况：
- 皮肤发冷或出冷汗
- 意识模糊
- 难以或无法控制膀胱或排便
- 发烧或发冷
- 失去知觉
- 恶心或呕吐
- 向前或向后弯腰、扭转或咳嗽时疼痛加剧
- 心跳加快
- 性功能障碍
- 呼吸变浅
- 疼痛部位肿胀和/或发红发热
- 腹股沟、臀部、生殖器部位和/或大腿内侧刺痛或麻木
- 不明原因的体重减轻
- 一条腿或两条腿无力或失去知觉
预防背痛急症
如果出现长期背痛、受伤后不适或伴随症状，一定要及时就医，因为这些都可能预示着严重的问题。保持警惕并及时获得医疗建议至关重要，可确保在必要时提供适当的护理和干预。
对于非急症背痛，家庭护理和生活方式调整有助于缓解和预防复发。
非紧急背痛的家庭护理
- 在最初的 48-72 小时内进行冷敷，以减轻肿胀；然后改用热敷，以加强血液流动，促进自然愈合。
- 使用扑热息痛等非处方止痛药。
- 休息并避免导致疼痛的活动或动作，6 周内不要提重物或扭转身体。
- 保持活动，因为长期卧床会加重疼痛。
减少复发性背痛的生活方式建议
- 调整工作空间，使用提供下背部支撑的椅子，并确保双腿平放在地面上。
- 定期锻炼，增强肌肉力量、灵活性和耐力。
- 投资购买能提供良好背部支撑的床垫。
- 保持健康的体重，以减轻背部负担。
- 保持良好的姿势，避免同时举起和扭转身体。
- 戒烟，因为吸烟会增加背痛的发病率。
- 减少携带物品或使用能均匀分布重量的袋子，以减轻颈部、肩部和脊柱的负担。
- 消除绊倒危险，确保空间光线充足，从而将跌倒风险降至最低。
- 增强核心肌肉，支撑背部和脊柱。
- 定期拉伸，防止僵硬和劳损。
- 在家中使用良好的照明设备，防止意外发生。
- 穿合脚、有支撑力的鞋子，避免穿着袜子走路。
总之，虽然背痛通常对家庭护理有反应，但任何持续的不适都应进行医学评估，以排除潜在的疾病。识别需要紧急护理的迹象对于防止伤害恶化至关重要。优先考虑自己的健康，如果背痛持续，应寻求医生的建议。
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Mayo Clinic. Back Pain. Retrieved on 11 October 2023 from https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/back-pain/symptoms-causes/syc-20369906#.
Medical News Today. What is causing my back pain, and how can I remedy it? Retrieved on 11 October 2023 from https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/172943#symptoms.
Mayo Clinic. Healthy aging. Retrieved on 6 November 2023 from https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/healthy-aging/in-depth/fall-prevention/art-20047358
Medical News Today. What is causing my back pain, and how can I remedy it? Retrieved on 11 October 2023 from https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/172943.
Cleveland Clinic. Acute vs. Chronic Pain. Retrieved on 11 October 2023 from https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/articles/12051-acute-vs-chronic-pain.
National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases. Back Pain. Retrieved on 11 October 2023 from https://www.niams.nih.gov/health-topics/back-pain.
Spine-Health. When Back Pain May Be a Medical Emergency. Retrieved on 6 November 2023 from https://www.spine-health.com/conditions/lower-back-pain/when-back-pain-may-be-medical-emergency
Advocate Health Care. When is back pain an emergency. Retrieved on 6 November 2023 from https://www.advocatehealth.com/health-services/brain-spine-institute/spine-care-center/lower-back-pain/back-pain-emergency#
Spine-Health. Back Pain Red-Flags for Emergency Room vs. Physician Consults. Retrieved on 6 November 2023 from https://www.spine-health.com/conditions/lower-back-pain/back-pain-red-flags-emergency-room-vs-physician-consults
Medical News Today. Home remedies for fast back pain relief. Retrieved on 11 October 2023 from https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/322582.
Medline Plus. Taking care of your back at home. Retrieved on 6 November 2023 from https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002119.htm
WebMD. Ways to Relieve Back Pain. Retrieved on 11 October 2023 from https://www.webmd.com/pain-management/ss/slideshow-relieving-back-pain.
National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases. Back Pain. Retrieved on 11 October 2023 from https://www.niams.nih.gov/health-topics/back-pain.
UT Southwestern Medical Centre. 5 signs your back pain might be an emergency. Retrieved on 11 October 2023 from https://utswmed.org/medblog/5-signs-your-back-pain-might-be-emergency/.
Aurora Health Care. When is back pain an emergency? Retrieved on 11 October 2023 from https://www.aurorahealthcare.org/services/aurora-spine-services/lower-back-pain/back-pain-emergency.
Genesis Pain & Regenerative Medicine. Complications of Untreated Back Pain. Retrieved on 11 October 2023 from https://www.genesisregenerativepain.com/post/complications-of-untreated-back-pain.
Advanced Spine Care and Pain Management. Complications of Untreated Back Pain. Retrieved on 11 October 2023 from https://www.advancedspinecareny.com/blog/complications-of-untreated-back-pain.
Healthline. What Is Back Pain? Retrieved on 11 October 2023 from https://www.healthline.com/health/back-pain.
Mayo Clinic. Back Pain. Retrieved on 11 October 2023 from https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/back-pain/symptoms-causes/syc-20369906#.
Medical News Today. What is causing my back pain, and how can I remedy it? Retrieved on 11 October 2023 from https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/172943#symptoms.
Mayo Clinic. Healthy aging. Retrieved on 6 November 2023 from https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/healthy-aging/in-depth/fall-prevention/art-20047358
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